March Market Update

Good afternoon readers. So much has been going on this month that I did not want to attempt to tackle all of it in one March edition. Next week I will be publishing the March Truckload Market Update, but this week I wanted to publish an update on the war in Iran. The purpose of this update is strictly to help bring readers up to speed by consolidating the works of others who are covering various angles of this conflict and it's potential effects. To be clear, I am not sharing any of my own opinions here or trying to prognosticate on future events, I am simply relaying information that could help you feel up to speed on what this conflict means, as of today, March 3rd, 2026. This situation is clearly very fluid, and I have the ability to edit Newsletters after publication, so I am revisit this as the weeks go on to continue to add updates. When I do I will post on my page to let you know.

To start, a summary of events put together by an independent journalist and Substack writer, Rachel Reeves.

Timeline of Events:

February 28th, 2026:

  • Around 6:20 GMT (Early morning in Tehran): Explosions reported in central Tehran, including near official and security compounds. U.S. and Israeli forces launch coordinated strikes under Operations “Epic Fury” (U.S.) and “Roaring Lion” (Israel), targeting Iran’s leadership, nuclear facilities, military infrastructure (including IRGC headquarters, missile sites in Parchin and Qom), and security apparatus. The strikes aim to induce regime change and neutralize Iran’s nuclear and missile programs.
  • Around 6:30 GMT: Israel confirms a “preemptive” strike and declares a nationwide state of emergency. Airspace in Israel and Iran is closed.
  • Around 7:00 GMT: U.S. President Donald Trump announces the start of major combat operations to destroy Iran’s missile industry, naval forces, and nuclear capabilities.
  • Around 7:30 GMT: Iranian media reports preparations for “crushing” retaliation. Missile launches from Iran detected, targeting U.S. bases in Bahrain, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, and Jordan, as part of IRGC’s Operation “True Promise 4.”
  • Mid-morning (Tehran time): Strikes hit a girls’ primary school in Minab, killing 85 and injuring over 80, according to Mehr News Agency. Iranian Defense Minister, IRGC Commander Mohammad-Hossein Bagheri, and other leaders (including Ali Shamkhani, Mohammad Pakpour, Gholamreza Soleimani, and Amir Ali Hajizadeh) were confirmed killed. It is not confirmed which strikes hit the school.
  • Afternoon/Evening: U.S. confirms the death of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in a strike on his compound. Celebrations erupt in the streets of Tehran, Isfahan, Karaj, Tabriz, and other cities, with crowds chanting “Khamenei is dead — we’re free!” and waving pre-1979 flags. Iranian forces open fire on crowds in Sanandaj, Tehran, and Rasht, dispersing gatherings and making arrests.
  • Evening: MEK leader Maryam Rajavi declares a provisional government based on a 10-point plan for a democratic, non-nuclear republic. IDF announces new strikes on ballistic missile sites in Qom and central Iran. Iran claims a strike on Jebel Ali Port in UAE.
  • Throughout the day: No U.S. casualties reported. Oil prices soar due to regional disruptions.

March 1st, 2026:

  • Early morning: Iranian state media confirms Khamenei’s death, declares 40 days of mourning and a 7-day national holiday. An emergency council (President, Judiciary Chief, Guardian Council member) assumes Supreme Leader duties per constitution; Assembly of Experts to select a new leader. Former President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad reported killed.
  • Morning: Iran launches missiles and drones at Israel, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia in retaliation. Strikes hit U.S. Embassy in Kuwait and a synagogue in Beit Shemesh, Israel (killing 9). Total Iranian launches: 165 ballistic missiles, 541 drones, 2 cruise missiles.
  • Afternoon: Trump confirms Khamenei’s death and states strikes will continue “through the week” until objectives are met; agrees to resume nuclear talks but no date set. Protests in support of regime change occur in Atlanta, U.S.
  • Evening: Celebrations and protests continue in Iran; reports of joy in Tehran but anger in southern cities calling for vengeance, Strait of Hormuz briefly reopened but threatened again. Iran’s internet cut.
  • Throughout the day: Casualties rise; Iranian Red Crescent reports 555 killed in strikes. Three killed, 58 injured in UAE from Iranian attacks. Oil prices up 13%.

March 2, 2026:

You can watch the entire Pentagon briefing from March 2nd, HERE.

  • Early morning: War expands to Lebanon; Hezbollah launches rockets into Israel, prompting Israeli strikes on Beirut’s southern suburbs. Iran fires new salvo of missiles at Israel and Gulf states, including U.S. aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (struck by four ballistic missiles, per IRGC). Attacks on Saudi Arabia’s Ras Tanura oil refinery (drones downed). Heavy bombardment in Bahrain, with smoke from U.S. base in Manama.
  • Morning: IAEA states no nuclear installations damaged, but Iran claims Natanz site hit. U.K. Prime Minister Keir Starmer allows U.S. use of British bases for strikes. China condemns attacks on U.S. targets in Gulf states. Russia’s U.N. mission requests IAEA session on strikes.
  • Mid-morning: Pentagon confirms three U.S. service members killed in Kuwait—the first American casualties.
  • Secretary of State Rubio makes comments (watch the entire thing, here):
  • Midday: Qatar reported a successful engagement of two Iranian Su-24 tactical bombers utilizing air defenses.
  • 11:03 AM EST: Three U.S. Air Force F-15E Strike Eagle Fighter jets were shot down over Kuwait in friendly fire following a mistaken engagement by its air defense systems. All air crew members have been reported safe following the incident.
  • Midday: In response to escalating tensions linked to Iranian drone and missile activity, Greece has ordered military assets to be deployed to the nearby island of Cyprus. The deployment includes F-16 aircraft and Greek naval frigates.
  • Evening- overnight: Following further recovery efforts, 2 additional US military members have been reportedly killed, bringing the total up to 6 US military deaths. 18 US military personnel have been wounded. Additionally, last night, an Iranian drone struck the US Embassy in Riyadh with two drones, causing a small fire, but minor material damage to the building, according to the Saudi Ministry of Defense. A senior US official has also reported to major news networks that the US is preparing for a major uptick in attacks in Iran over the next 24 hours. President Trump’s interview with CNN also stated, “ We haven’t even started hitting them hard. The big wave hasn’t even happened. The big one is coming soon.”
  • Thoughts: Apart from targets directly tied to Iran’s Nuclear program, many targets include centers of gravity for the Islamic Regime to include air defenses, command military infrastructure, state television and media in charge of propaganda, as well as intelligence headquarters. These “first-wave” targets allow for further unfettered access into the country, decreasing the threat to aircraft used in these targeting efforts. Second-wave targets are likely to focus on more tactical targets, including military equipment, additional ballistic missiles, and logistics nodes. Lastly, the primary driver of this operation’s evolution is the continued and increasing involvement of regional allies. As more countries within the region and Europe go from expressing neutrality to deploying their military in support, the more likely Iran is to struggle in upkeeping its growing list of “enemies.”

As of 3/3 the NYT released this summary of most recent events:

  • Iran is retaliating on American targets. The State Department closed its embassies in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait after drone attacks and urged Americans to immediately leave 14 countries in the Middle East. Iran also struck Amazon data centers and sent warplanes, not just missiles, toward its Gulf neighbors. Qatar said it had shot down two planes.
  • Israeli and American bombs continue to fall in Iran. And Israel invaded and seized parts of southern Lebanon. Hezbollah, the militant group there, threatened all-out war.
  • President Trump, who campaigned on ending American wars, is now extending the time frame for his war in Iran. He said the United States had a “virtually unlimited” supply of certain powerful weapons. “The hardest hits are yet to come from the U.S. military,” Secretary of State Marco Rubio said.
  • The U.S. military is sending more troops and fighter jets, and Trump declined to rule out putting boots on the ground. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, though, insisted that the conflict would not drag out. “This is not Iraq,” he said. “This is not endless.”
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Strait of Hormuz

Next, Freight Caviar shared a link to a video that does an excellent job of explaining the significance of the Strait of Hormuz and the countries most impacted by its current closure. Click image for the video source.

From the NYT on the morning of 3/3:

Strait of Hormuz: A senior Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps official vowed that “not a single drop of oil” would go through the strait, which about one-fifth of the world’s supply passes through. Markets have fallen as oil prices surge.

The Impact on Oil

Phil Rosen provided this incredibly helpful summary of how markets are reacting to the war in regards to oil prices.

"Crude moves

The conflict in Iran is already pushing oil prices higher but that doesn’t mean a drawn out supply shock is coming for markets.

Crude surged double digits in overnight trading, but the move looks more like a risk premium than evidence of missing barrels.

Unless exports, shipping lanes or Gulf infrastructure takes a meaningful hit, this volatility spike isn’t likely to usher in a new $100-a-barrel oil regime.

Markets are reacting to sudden conflict, not confirmed supply destruction.

Indeed, US crude prices’ fair value is estimated at $67 a barrel, according to Bloomberg Intelligence analysts.

For oil to hold above that level would require more than uncertain headlines.

“Despite geopolitical tension, global inventories remain robust on land and at sea, and the physical market is fairly well supplied,” said Bloomberg Intelligence energy analyst Salih Yilmaz, CFA.

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That helps explain why the move, while sharp, does not yet resemble a classic supply shock.

Other indicators have not blown out in a way that signals inventory tightness, and the futures curve still implies muted pricing several months ahead.

The market’s baseline appears to be that as real as the escalation risk is, an enduring supply shock is a separate matter.

Without damage to export terminals or damage in the Strait of Hormuz, gravity tends to reassert itself in oil.

That pattern mirrors the broader market response to geopolitical shocks.

The S&P 500 has averaged a 14.2% return in the 12 months following major conflicts since 1950.

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Investors — across oil and equities — are prone to quick recalibrations once it becomes clear that fundamentals have not materially changed.

For now, history suggests the surge in crude prices reflects caution and hedging rather than structural scarcity.

The smart money is betting the barrels keep flowing."

Here is the catch. As of 3/3 we are getting reports that there has been damage to oil infrastructure in some Middle Eastern countries, and in addition, oil exports are struggling due to the closure of the strait. So while the markets were originally hedging mostly due to volatility and risk, they may soon have to start pricing in missing barrels of oil if the conflict creates ongoing production and distribution constraints. Bloomberg held an hour long webinar to cover all things conflict in the Middle East and Oil this morning. I listened to it so you don't have to, here are the cliff notes:

A Note on Modern Warfare

The first topic of interest I noted is what seems to be the reality of modern warfare. Drones. Drones are proving to be incredibly effective in increasing chaos and landing blows. And the best part about a drone? It is relatively cheap. Drones cost between $20,000-50,000 dollars to produce and launch. To intercept a drone with an interceptor defense missal will cost you $4.9M dollars. Iran has launched over 500 drones. Hence their successes at landing some blows against targets throughout the Middle East. From an economic standpoint, it's not feasible to continue to use $4.9M missals to stop $20k drones from landing their blows. It is unclear how many drones Iran has at their disposal. Interestingly enough, we do know more about drone warfare now because of the war in Ukraine. The drones Iran is using are the same drones Russia created and launched in the war against Ukraine. It's unclear how much of that technology Russia has already provided to Iran, and if Iran can continue to produce them themselves or if they are working through stockpiles. Experts say that analyzing the war in Ukraine could offer some insights on how to combat drone warfare. In addition to all of this, the US has not been purchasing or producing these defense missals in the amounts needed to replenish the amounts we are currently expending. It was noted that war strategy may become dependent on the tolerance of each country to leave themselves vulnerable to future attacks by emptying too much of their inventories in this conflict.

Now back to oil...

The rule the Bloomberg analysts go by when estimating oil impact is that If you lose 1% of supply (crude barrels) it is a 4% price increase (price per barrel). Hormuz is 20% of global supply, so an 80% increase in cost would be applied.

The first graph was created on 3/2, as of 3/3 the cost is now $85/barrel and up $20 instead of $15. This graph is pricing in mostly just risk and reaction to conflict, as of 3/3 we are starting to get signals that actual missing barrels might begin affecting the pricing to the tune of the 1:4 price increase ratio.

If that were to happen, the second graph shows an estimate of at least $108 per barrel, and also displays the impact to GDP for major countries.

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Why is the US the least affected? Because in recent years the US has become less dependent on crude imports. While we do still import, we also provide much of our own oil, and have the ability to continue to do so through this disruption.

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However, most countries cannot say the same. So, who will be most impacted by the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, and the loss of 20 Million barrels of oil per day into the global economy?

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Based on import volumes from oil that passes through the Strait by country, China is most impacted. China was also importing crude from Venezuela and Iran. Two nations now focused on conflict and regime changes.

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So then, can OPEC make up for the loss of 20M barrels of oil per day? No. While there are inventories that could support a short term conflict, if this war extends and production needed to ramp up, it's currently estimated that OPEC can supply 3.5-5M more barrels per day in the near future, not even close to the 20M barrels that will be missing. In addition, OPEC has never tested this level of production in recent years, and logistics would still present a challenge to distribution. So who wins and who loses in a scenario where there is a shortage of crude oil and prices rise? Theoretically the winners are countries who can produce their own and sell at increased rates, the losers are those who are dependent on impacted countries for imports who will have to go to the market to purchase crude and negotiate deals with other countries as suppliers. However, it's already not so black and white. Iraq, at the top of the "winners" list, is currently shutting down production at their facilities due to their storage space being at max capacity and a bottleneck in trying to move oil exports out without the Strait of Hormuz being open.

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Additional Notes From the Webinar:

  • Potential impacts: This war will put pressure on the global economy, all countries will feel pressure because of oil. How long can the world afford to lose 1/5th of global oil supply with no replacement? Eastern countries lose their income and start lobbying to find a solution. Central to Trump's agenda is lower oil prices and lower inflation. If this begins to impact our economic pillars, he may revise his war strategy and encourage an end to the war.
  • We are still in a very risk premium environment, but as of today we are moving from probability and risk pricing, to pricing actual lost production and barrels.
  • At a high level the strength in oil prices is providing some level of support to oil stocks, but equity markets generally tend to be quite cautious about capitalizing on geopolitical premiums. What we are seeing right now is some earning support, but not necessarily a structural rerating.
  • On the crude side, Asia and China are the most directly exposed. For natural gas, Europe would be the most exposed, because a significant portion of global L&G passes through Hormuz and Europe has structurally reduced their reliance on this. L&G markets are less flexible, tighter logistics, Europe has had lower L&G inventories. Europe has made itself more structurally dependent on L&G. Gas prices are still far below the spike in 2022 in gas prices after the loss of the Russian pipeline to Europe with the Russia Ukraine war. This does not feel as structurally impacted yet for gas prices.

What does this mean for global Economies?

If we truly lose 1/5th of the world's crude oil over the course of this week, all economies will feel it. Various pressures will start being applied where they can be to restore oil exports from the Strait. We have no idea what this might look like, but generally speaking, most countries are not willing to risk the strength of their own economy to sustain a war that is not even on their own turf. Energy and gasoline prices are already increasing for everyday consumers. In the US, as of March 3, the national average for a gallon of regular gasoline jumped 11 cents overnight to approximately $3.11. This is the largest single day increase in prices since March 2022 during the Russia-Ukraine war. In addition, if China and India are unable to procure enough oil through a sustained disruption, they could be forced to use their reserve stockpiles (which China has been creating the last couple of years), or cut economic activity. This could have ripple effects across countries who trade with China and India.

Summary

There are two things to keep an eye on to gauge the impact oil will have on global economies and the outcome of this war:

  1. The Strait of Hormuz, if it is open or closed is the largest factor to global oil supply.
  2. Actual production capabilities of Middle Eastern countries involved in conflict. An example being Iraq shutting down production, if we start taking production offline due to facility damages, risks of attacks, logistics, etc., we are losing physical barrels of oil, not just losing their distribution efficiency.

I will also close with a quote Phil Rosen shared on his morning newsletter today that struck accord with me. The topic of conversation was on how Israel's primary stock index has gained over 66% the last 12 months, and even 4.6% this week. Conflicts present an opportunity for a new period of certainty to settle in as new order comes after the conflict. Regardless of the new order, there is some degree of certainty for markets when they know the direction things are heading. And as Phil said:

It’s true that wars are destructive in the near-term, but they can also clarify long-standing uncertainties.

Thanks for reading! Please comment any additional resources you are leaning on regarding these topics so we can all learn from one another! You can message me with any questions or comments!

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